The Alternative Fuel Race: Which One Will Go the Distance?

Since the discovery of fire a million years ago, man has gone a long way in developing sources of energy to support his way of living. Of the world’s current energy sources, about 95% come from fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, and petroleum. (Cunningham & Saigo, 1997). With issues such as pollution, global warming, and energy conservation, alternative fuel sources emerged, with the competitive vision of erasing the need for fossil fuels in cars.Implementing an alternative for petroleum in vehicles entails many concerns, such as availability, cost of production, energy output, and level of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (Farrell et al. , 2006; Hill et al. , 2006). At present, ethanol, battery power, and hybrids are available as alternative fuel sources for passenger vehicles. The question now is: which of these three has what it takes to replace fossil fuels? This research paper aims to give an overview of three alternative fuel options for passenger vehicles existing to day: ethanol, battery power, and hybrid cars.The data and issues presented in this paper should provide information to the general public about the pros and cons of each, and hopefully will aid in the decision as to which alternative fuel is the best option for possibly replacing fossil fuels in passenger cars. To examine each alternative fuel option, the researcher uses information gathered from peer-reviewed journals and news articles published within the past decade. Each of the three topics for investigation is first defined before data is presented and interpreted.The data covers a brief explanation of each fuel option, including statistics and results from studies conducted on them. Also included in this report are economic and environmental pros and cons of the three presented options for passenger cars. This paper does not give mention to the implications of ethanol, battery power, and hybrids on industries other than passenger vehicles. Furthermore, this research does not c over political and cultural issues affecting the implementation of alternative fuels.

One Proposed Maxim as a Universal Law Essay

1. State your proposed act as a maxim: â€Å"I will take ZAR 620 000 000.00 (A) when I’ve done a year’s work (C) in order to get really, really rich (E).† 2. Restate this maxim as a universal law; â€Å"All people (7 billion of them) will take ZAR 620 000 000.00 when they’ve done a year’s work in order to get really, really rich.† 3.Ask whether your maxim is conceivable in a world ruled by the universal law; In a real world if individuals earned 620million for a years worth of work there are bound to be huge increases of income and spending going around the markets. A downfall of the economy will occur due to business halt in the competing of prices. People will be greedy and will want everything that money could possibly buy which will result in shortages of products and services. Market demand and supply will cease to exist. In conclusion, this maxim is not conceivable in the real world ruled by universal law. 4. Ask whether you would rationally act on your maxim in such a world. IF I had to earn 620million one years worth of work, I would honestly be over indulging and over spending money on unnecessary material items and food. Eventually I would be following an unhealthy lifestyle resulting in many health related problems like stress, obesity and so forth. Of course I would be really rich! But what would my purpose be thereafter? I therefore would never act rationally in such a world. Step 2: Form an opinion On the basis of your analysis, answer the following questions: †¢What would Kant probably have said about Whitey Bassons (or you) earning ZAR 620,000,000.00? (You might want to do a bit of research into the nature of Whitey Basson’s 2010 earnings). According to Kants theory this would be categorized as morally binding. A talented guy like bassoon is terribly rare. I think that this earnings would be seen as an imperfect duty, because this depends on the preference of humankind. Whitey Basson cultivated his own talent by investing his good education and remarkable people skills into building the business and making it the most successful one today. Kant would therefore accept the earnings for whitey has not stolen from anyone or broken any rules. He reaped the rewards of his benefits. †¢What do you think about Whitey Basson (or you) earning ZAR 620,000,000.00? However, It is unfair to look at them as one year’s income, as those were earned over 40 years. So he deserved to be paid a huge amount for his enormous talent and knowledge in  growing the business into a successful one. They make 50m-60m sales a month in seven jurisdictions. It is fair to be rewarded for such hard work and dedication but not in such large percentage increases especially when the state of the economy is not as rapid as the percentage increase in income. †¢Why do you think this? These figures make no sense of the argument that companies need to pay such vast amounts in order to retain top skills, because more than 20 of the top 100 highest paid executives in 2010 are no longer in their positions today. According to a source â€Å"Figures proved that South Africa was a rich country, but the distribution of that wealth left just 20 people owning R112.2 billion, while 48 percent of South Africans were living below the poverty level of R322 a month. Sixteen percent of employed workers earned less than R500, 33.4 percent earned less than R1 000 and 60 percent earned less than R2 500 a month†

Lion of the Desert

Lion of the Desert Reflection Rebellion spearhead as well as a teacher, Omar Mukhtar was a clear leader. During the brief peace talk in â€Å"Lion of the Desert,† the first demand Mukhtar wanted for his people were Muslim schools. Other requirements for peace that were requested were national protection, national parliament, and return of the lands taken from the people of Libya. Mukhtar was first a teacher, when reading, reflecting or teaching he wore his glasses. Mukhtar balanced them gently on his finger, when speaking to a class of young boys, illustrating importance of balance within the Koran.A young boy whose father was killed while fighting, clumsily puts on Omar’s glasses, it is consoling for the boy as Omar seeks a role model and new hope for him. After the father dies, the guidance of Omar shows the importance of a male influence in the boy’s life and within Islam. At the moment Muhktar picked up a gun, he transformed into the leader of the rebellion. In acts of insurgence Omar was guided by his religion and teaching. After a small victory, the men took the flag from the caravan and presented it to Omar as a trophy.Mukhtar simply responded, â€Å"They are not our teachers, he is a boy, tell your general†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and he returns the flag to the surviving Italian soldier and sends him back, as opposed to killing him. In contrast, on the scene of General Graziani’s victory, he has sand goggles on as well as wearing a flag as a cape. He is then presented with a flag raising ceremony to declare their dominance of the area. When ambushed by a gas attack Mukhtar loses his glasses, just as his comrades have fallen dying or injured. Shortly after, Graziani constructs a massive barbed wire fence to block the rebels from supplies and refuge.Muhktar then says, â€Å"What is wire to the will of God? † guiding his forces on principle and the teachings of the Koran. The nationalist rebellion also adheres to their religion whe n tying their legs to remain in the face of an attack. Islamist teaching includes the concept of jihad or self-sacrifice for the sake of the cause. Their tied leg prevented the men from retreating or running away. In the end, when Graziani offers to release Muhktar if he were to relinquish his rebellion and beliefs, Muhktar refuses.He lays down his life in order to protect his convictions. His glasses were returned to him by Graziani and Muhltar puts them on to read a passage from the Koran, moments before his hanging. As Omar drops from the gallow, his glasses drop from his clenched hand. They are retrieved by the young boy that had earlier put them. Illustrating the assertion made by Muhktar to Graziani, that the rebellion against the Italian’s would continue and as each man is killed the younger generation will rise to fill their place.

Services Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Services Management - Assignment Example An analysis and critic view of the service delivery of the organization in alignment with the service delivery or service excellence literature will also be portrayed. At the end an evaluation of what is being learnt from the organization will serve as a conclusion. In accordance with the requirements of the paper the service and the service organization undertaken for this study is a banking service organization in India called "ICICI Bank" Here is a brief outlook on the organization. "ICICI Bank is India's second-largest bank with total assets of Rs. 3,744.10 billion (US$ 77 billion) at December 31, 2008 and profit after tax Rs. 30.14 billion for the nine months ended December 31, 2008. The Bank has a network of 1,420 branches and about 4,644 ATMs in India and presence in 18 countries. ICICI Bank offers a wide range of banking products and financial services to corporate and retail customers through a variety of delivery channels and through its specialised subsidiaries and affiliates in the areas of investment banking, life and non-life insurance, venture capital and asset management. The Bank currently has subsidiaries in the United Kingdom, Russia and Canada, branches in United States, Singapore, Bahrain, Hong Kong, Sri Lanka, Qatar and Dubai International Finance Centre and representative offices in United Arab Emirates, China, South Africa, Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. Our UK subsidiary has established branches in Belgium and Germany." (ICI CI bank online) History of ICICI bank "ICICI Bank was originally promoted in 1994 by ICICI Limited, an Indian financial institution, and was its wholly-owned subsidiary. ICICI's shareholding in ICICI Bank was reduced to 46% through a public offering of shares in India in fiscal 1998, an equity offering in the form of ADRs listed on the NYSE in fiscal 2000, ICICI Bank's acquisition of Bank of Madura Limited in an all-stock amalgamation in fiscal 2001, and secondary market sales by ICICI to institutional investors in fiscal 2001 and fiscal 2002. ICICI was formed in 1955 at the initiative of the World Bank, the Government of India and representatives of Indian industry. The principal objective was to create a development financial institution for providing medium-term and long-term project financing to Indian businesses. In the 1990s, ICICI transformed its business from a development financial institution offering only project finance to a diversified financial services group offering a wide variety of products and services , both directly and through a number of subsidiaries and affiliates like ICICI Bank. In 1999, ICICI become the first Indian company and the first bank or financial institution from non-Japan Asia to be listed on the NYSE." (ICICI bank Online) Literature - Service delivery /Service excellence : Service delivery and excellence in service is the key word for organizations involved in the service industry. In the book of "Service operations Management: Improving service delivery" Service delivery is explained as "understanding the needs of our customers, managing the process that delivers services, ensuring our objectives are met, while also paying attention to the continual improvement of our services." The book also defines service from the customer's perspective by saying, "service is the combinations of the customers' experience and their perception of the outcome of the

To what extent has globalisation changed the nature of work Essay

To what extent has globalisation changed the nature of work - Essay Example Globalisation refers to spread as well as connectedness of communication, technologies, and production across the world. This spread has encompassed the interplay of cultural and economic activities. Some people argue that globalisation entails the efforts of World Bank and international Monetary Fund to create a global market, which will ensure the free flow of goods and services.  Because of globalisation, the interdependence and connectivity of the world’s businesses and markets has become a reality. In the last two decades, globalisation has witnessed a dramatic alteration, with advances in technology making it possible for people conduct international business, communicate, and travel. Some scholars argue that the principal driving forces of globalisation in the recent past include the rise of the internet, as well as the massive advancements in telecommunications. This has seen the alternation and numerous changes in the nature of work (Morgan 2001, p. 33). This essay supports the argument that globalisation has indeed brought many changes in the nature of work. In the first part of the essay, the impact of globalisation on the nature of work at the macro level and the broad context will be analyzed. In the second part, the essay will discuss how globalisation has affected the nature of work through communication and transport. Thirdly, the essay will look into the impacts of globalisation on the nature of work in terms of employment, trade unions, as well as traditional industries. Further, the essay will focus on the impacts of globalisation on human resources, working conditions in developing countries, and the impacts on human work. The impact of globalisation on the Macro level One of the changes brought about by globalisation in the nature of work includes the impact of globalisation at the macro level. In the global context, the intensification of social relations across the world has linked distant localities. As a result, the local event s borrow much from the events taking place worldwide. At the macro level, the arena of work has witnessed numerous changes as a result of globalisation. Globalisation has interlinked the world economy; this has had impacts on the mobility of labour and capital. With globalisation, it has become possible to move capital from one place to another. Likewise, globalisation has affected the mobility of labour across the world. This has led to the emergence of new jobs in places where they never existed. In addition, the movement of capital has led to the introduction of new industries, which have changed the work done in such places (Morgan 2001, p. 35). Another change of globalisation on the nature of work is that it has led to changes in the global exchanges, especially in the arena of financial exchanges and world trade. This has resulted to the acceleration in the liberalisation and deregulation of trade, which has been aided by transfers of capital and currency exchange. Internation al trade has opened up the market to market forces; this has seen the reduction in tariffs, control of exports and imports, as well as other means of protection. Consequently, this has affected the nature of work done by the people across the world. States have also weakened their regulations, leading to an increase in market competition. As a result, traders have had the opportunity to change the nature of work since they can deal in goods, which their countries do not produce (Morgan 2001, p. 36). Globalisation has also altered the nature of work with the rise in the number of multinational corporations acting worldwide. With little reference to national boundaries, multinational corporations have organized themselves. As such, they have designed

Happy Ending Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Happy Ending - Essay Example Margaret deftly and almost brutally shatters this faade of "ever lasting love" disseminated by emotionally and intellectually lazy writers, who often care little about exploring the mechanisms of love and desire in a realistic context. The intention of the writer seems to be to boldly jolt her readers out of their crumpling perceptions about love, which instead of bolstering human relationships, abandon them in a bog of disillusionments and frustrations. Though initially feeling disoriented after going through this seemingly simple work, the reader ultimately emerges with a more through and pragmatic grasp over the emotions of love and desire, that is not childishly black and white, but grounded in an adult atmosphere, dominated by shades of grey. Love is a noble emotion that imbues any relationship with bliss and happiness. Though it is a different thing that many a times people fail to fulfill the conservative claims of love, going by the frailty and imperfection inherent in human life. 'Happy Endings' astonishingly unravels this inevitable dilemma of love through a variety of relationships considered in the narrative. Desire is an aspect of love which if exercised in isolation, degenerates into a selfish and blind quest for self gratification.

Econ5150final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Econ5150final - Essay Example Another reason as to why the economy of these two nations as well as that of the general Asian region is the availability of technology and well skilled personnel who are able to use this technology to improve production (Onyemelukwe, Pg. 265). The high population of these nations has also been a contributing factor due to the fact that it creates a large and ready market for finished goods. In economics, one of the factors that influence the demand of a commodity is the size of the population. As such, with the high population in China and S. Korea, the demand for finished goods is high (Onyemelukwe, Pg. 266). Despite the numerous similarities between the economic growth and development of China and that of S. Korea, it is imperative to note that there are some distinguishing factors between the two and hence there exist a number of differences. As a norm, the economical and political environment of one geographical region will always differ from that of other regions. This article will purpose to compare and contrast the economies of China and S. Korea. It will address the variety of factors that influence the economies of the two nations before giving a conclusion on the same. Economy of China China is one of the nations that have had the most significant economic growth over the last couple of years. Being a third world country, China has been able to grow to such a level that today it is ranked second largest economy in terms of GDP second only to the United States of America which is considered a global superpower. In addition, over the period of the last three decades, China has been ranked as the fastest growing economy in the world registering an average growth rate of 10% per annum in the last thirty years (Lardy Pg. 3-6). In addition, China has also been ranked as the largest exporter in the world and at the same time as the second largest importer after the USA. It is also imperative to note that China is ranked first in manufacturing. It has outdon e the USA and has now become the largest service driven economy. Ranking on per capita basis, China was at position 87th by Nominal GDP in the year 2012. This was according to the records of the International Monetary Funds. Despite the enormous rejuvenation of the Chinese economy, it should be acknowledged that there are some parts of the country which are less developed tan others. For instance, areas located in the hinterland have experienced relatively slow development while areas at the coastal region are highly industrialized. China continues to strategize itself for further development and economic growth. One of the strategies that are guiding its development is the Xi Jinping’s Chinese Dream. Under this dream, the China government is committed to achieving â€Å"Two 100s† by the year 2049. This means, by the year 2020 which also happens to be the 100th anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party, the nation plans to have become a moderately well off community a nd that will denote the first 100 of the â€Å"two 100s.† then, by the year 2049, which will also be the 100th anniversary since the People’s Republic was founded, it is expected that China will be a fully developed economy. There are a number of factors that have contributed to the growth and

Contemporary Europe and the world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Contemporary Europe and the world - Essay Example In this context Rebecca West, once famously remarked, â€Å"‘I myself have never been able to find out precisely what feminism is. I only know that people call me feminist whenever I express sentiments that differentiate me from a doormat or a prostitute.’† (West ; Walters, 2005, p. 1) It is clear from her statement that though feminism contains certain basic structure but since last two centuries it has encompassed such a wide range of activism that both perception and approach of common people towards it has changed to a great extent. Apart from its basic elements, feminism as a theory also includes different approaches and outlook of common people towards life. Barbara Smith, in the year 1979, tried to define Feminism as, â€Å"†¦the political theory and practice to free all women; women of color, working-class women, physically challenged women, lesbians, old women, as well as white economically privileged women.† On the one hand, feminism includes racism, sexism, cast differentiation and color discrimination and on the other it encompasses social, political and cultural approaches. Thus, it can be concisely said that racism is a particular philosophical approach, which conveys the theme of women liberty from any forms of social oppression. Different people have separate approaches towards feminism and they also feel in different ways about treatment of women in the society. The European feminist intellectuals may be largely accredited with the realization of the goals of feminism in the twentieth century in Europe. Their standpoint certainly helped the European women to fight to a great extent, against all forms of social oppressions biased towards their sex. Historically, emergence of feminist ideas in Europe occurred quite a long time back. During the French revolution first wave of feminist movement can be perceived as the idea that

Equal Liberty and the Establishment clause, then and now Research Paper

Equal Liberty and the Establishment clause, then and now - Research Paper Example The establishment clause has generally been interpreted through judicial ruling to do two primary things. First, to prevent the establishment of a national religion by Congress. Secondly, to prohibit the preference by the U.S. government of one religion over another. As a principle, the establishment clause came to be during James Madison's efforts to have the constitution ratified. Madison garnered support among the local Baptists by warning them that the constitution had no safeguard against creating a new national church. This was important because their free exercise of religion. Initiating the establishment clause occurred in a two step process. The initial step was the Supreme Court’s conclusion in 1940 that the Free Exercise Clause was made applicable to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment. The conceptual implications were the raising of few difficulties. The application of the federal governments jurisdiction over the states created the federalism framework tha t ensures each states actions are constitutional. Additionally, the Due Process Clause protects those rights in the Bill of Rights â€Å"implicit in the concept of ordered liberty,† which made the protection of the establishment clause necessary. Moreover, free exercise of religion is an extremely important individual right. The establishment clause has been used in many cases to draw the boundaries of state activities. Specifically, in terms of financial aid for religious purposes or to religious institutions. One key example of this is the 1899 Bradfield v. Roberts supreme court case. 4 The issue here was that the federal government provided funds to a hospital operated by a Roman Catholic institution. In that case, the Supreme Court ruled that the funding was specifically given to a secular organization i.e. the hospital and was therefore permissible. This is important because it established the precedent that the state could not fund a religious institution. Another critical case in this matter was the 1947 case of Everson v. Board of Education, in which the Supreme Court upheld a New Jersey statute that was funding student transportation to schools, whether parochial or private. Justice Hugo Black explained that the establishment of religion" clause of the First Amendment means at least that  "neither a state nor the federal government can set up a church.5 Neither can pass laws which aid one religion, aid all religions, or prefer one religion over another. Neither can force nor coerce an individual to attend or to remain away from church against his/her freewill or force him/her to profess a belief or disbelief in any religion. Moreover, the ruling held that no person can be punished for entertaining or professing religious beliefs and ideologies or disbelief's, for church attendance or non-attendance. Another important precedent founded here is that fact that no tax in any amount, large or small, can be levied to support any religious activities or institutions, whatever they may be called, or whatever form they may adopt to teach or practice religion. Additionally, it is impermissible for either a state or the Federal Government to, openly or secretly, participate in the affairs of any religious organizations or groups and vice versa. As stated by Thomas Jefferson, th e clause against establishment of religion by law was intended to erect "a wall of separation between church and State."6 The infamous lemon test was developed in the 1971 ruling of Lemon v.

Impact of Labour Unrest for Business (Production) Essay

Impact of Labour Unrest for Business (Production) - Essay Example Labor unrests are generally organized and strike actions carried out by labor unions in the case of the failure of solving such labor disputes. The employees and the overall workforce alter the normal production routine process, thus impacting the shareholders of the production business; the key reason for these unrests is the workers articulating for the increase in wages and labor rights (Silver, 2003). The impacts of labor unrests on a production firm or a business can be discussed as follows. Lower Production levels Labor unrests have a significant impact on the businesses dealing with production, as they lead to lower production levels. Strikes by workers affect greatly the production levels, because most of the production businesses do not have production schedules where one day stock is taken as surplus. Thus labor unrests can lead to the drastic decrease in the production volumes, which can impact the key wholesalers and retailers negatively, as the business production is a c ountrywide supplier (Silver, 2003). Shift in consumer demand Labor in the production business causes shifts in the demand of consumers, notably in the case of strikes. Typically, most of the manufacturing companies keep a significant volume of inventory in their warehouses purposely, as a precaution against labor unrests, which can only represent not more than a month inventory. This production schedule approach ensures that companies continue with their normal production and supply operations for some time after the unrests, thus providing a period for solving the labor dispute without much effect on their business operations (Silver, 2003). In the case of the dispute taking long to be resolved, consumers may wait for the return of the normal operations or shift to the available competitors. Overlap impacts Labor unrests of higher degree of magnitude such as nationwide strike have a direct as well as an indirect impact on the related markets. Such labor unrests are characterized by work stoppage in the production manufacturing company, and this has a great impact on its major outlets and other stakeholders that have frequent transactions with the company. Labor unrests can lead to a standstill of operations in its markets. Companies operating as providers of complimentary services to the production company are the highly affected, because its services or commodities will loose it major market share due to the slowdown of operations at the production company’s plants. This situation may lead to these stakeholders’ decision to go to other markets and the suppliers’ decision to go to the market outlets (Silver, 2003). Loss of revenue and profits Labor unrests cause slowdown and, at times, standstill in the operations at the manufacturing plants. These standstills and slowdowns have an impact of reducing the volume of sales. Lower volume of sales translates into lower revenue realized from them, leading to lower profitability as compared with the period of labor stability (Silver, 2003). This impact is commonly expected to extend to the major outlets, as the level of supply will go down and the company is a nationwide distributor. In this case the company will go at a loss, since the overhead fixed cost will remain the same, straining the less realized revenue and the profits. Impact on employee performance An

Marketing Communications Management at ALDI Group Case Study

Marketing Communications Management at ALDI Group - Case Study Example ALDI had a long-standing reputation of being a cheap discounted chain and often in West Germany, before about 1990, ALDI shops were often ridiculed as being cheap shops selling poor-quality goods. ALDI's customers were alleged to be only poor people who couldn't afford to shop elsewhere. ALDI also had a hard marketing strategy in that it refused to sell branded products and stuck to its private label products claiming that it helped to cut prices. Although ALDI is very popular in its own target segment, the company decided that a complete revamp was needed. The 500 million pound budget was aimed at improving the existing stores and building new ones. The image of the store was to be upgraded to target middle Britain while carrying specialty products was aimed to bring in upmarket customers and retaining them. Above all the image upgrade was aimed at encroaching into the market shares of its close competitors Tesco and Sainsbury. The ultimate aim was to have 217 more stores by the year 2010, totaling about 500 in the U.K alone. ALDI's strategy for marketing consisted of a TV campaign helped along by an outdoor poster activity and newspaper advertising. The common thread that binds them together is the catchphrase," Spend a little, live a lot". ALDI which embarked on this campaign had never undertaken any kind of PR activity during its past years of existence. The hard discount concept is all about keeping expenses to a minimum so the stores can undercut the main supermarkets on their limited ranges of 650 to 1 200 products, depending on the operator. ALDI's website tries to push the quality angle. It talks about quality products and wide choice "that combine with prices that never fail to astonish first-time shoppers [...] our stringent selection process enables us to offer our customers own- brand products whose quality matches that of leading brands." ALDI has also has entertained the media at one its store openings and tried to improve its visibility in the eyes of the general public through the publicity. In the US, it has used weekly inserts in the newspapers to garner public attention.

Religious and Ethnic Groups Essay Example for Free

Religious and Ethnic Groups Essay The religious group is chose was Jehovah’s Witnesses. I did some online research and also asked my children’s Foster Mother, Regina Metzger the questions. I wanted to see what the differences of what I found online and what she said the beliefs were. So this is a mixture of what I got from my online sources and what she said. Jehovah’s Witnesses differ from other religious groups because they believe that their entire bible is the inspired word of god, and instead of adhering to a creed based on human tradition, they hold to their bible as the standard for all their beliefs. Based on their bible, they believe that Jesus Christ is son of god, the first of god’s creations, that he had a pre-human existence and that his life was transformed from heaven to the womb of a virgin. They believe that god’s kingdom is the only hope for mankind. They are many different nationalities. They have no prejudices against any race or color. Their worship is through prayer, meetings and telling others about their bible. They believe that their bible is the inspired word of God, and instead of adhering to a creed based on human tradition, they hold their bible as the standard. The experience of the Jehovah’s Witnesses that other religious groups do not share is that they are viewed with moral standards that coincide with their bible. They are law abiding citizens that respect authority. They show, what they believe is, genuine Christian love to their neighbors. For example, let’s say there are two girls. One of which is a Jehovah Witness and one that is not. They both were asked to spit on the American Flag. In this situation, the Jehovah’s Witness won’t and the other would. One might ask â€Å"Why don’t you spit on the flag even though you don’t solute it? The answer from the Johana’s Witness would be simply, â€Å"I don’t pledge my allegiance to the flag, but I wouldn’t disrespect it either. † They are neutral. Jehovah’s Witnesses contribute to the American Culture because they feel they are the advocates of their God’s kingdom. They are not of the political, economic, or social system of any nation of the old world. They did have their modern day start in the United States. They do pay taxes, which means they work regular jobs just like any other person. Jehovah’s Witnesses do not interfere with what others do about sharing in patriotic ceremonies. Like, sharing in the armed forces and joining a political party or even voting. They worship their god only. They believe that if Christians under one nation go to war against another nation they would be fighting against fellow believers. They believe that fighting against the same people who prayed for help to the same god is wrong. That is why they won’t go to war and will serve time in jail or prison to avoid killing their Christian brothers and sisters. However they are not afraid to die for their faith. If they are threatened with death or to renounce their faith, they will die for what they believe in. I know that before my children went into foster care I had limited information on what Jehovah’s Witnesses were all about. I was under the impression that they only went house to house on Saturdays knocking on doors. I thought they were annoying. Feeling like everywhere I went I was approached by one saying that they are the only true word of God, when I thought my god was. I learned quickly that everyone has a different idea of what their God was. Jehovah’s witnesses have been known to not celebrate holidays like birthdays, Christmas, or thanksgiving. I would use their religion as a type of threat toward my children saying â€Å"If you don’t knock it off we will become Jehovah’s Witness and then you won’t get presents during birthdays or holidays. † Since, my children are in a home with this as the main religion and belief system, I feel like I should apologize to them because I must have sounded like a bigot. I think that the discrimination and stereotyping that Jehovah’s Witnesses experience comes from a lack of understanding by anyone of a different belief. I think that what I have learned about this religious group did help me nderstand it. It helped me to realize that Jehovah’s Witnesses, like any other religion, just want to show everyone that what they believe is not bad. They want to show what their religion means. They want the same as others do, the belief that you can be saved by a god. The racial/ethnic group that I chose is the Pacific Islanders. I chose this group because I don’t know nothing about it. I think getting information on this group will be extremely interesting. Pacific Islanders are from many different places. American Samoa, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Hawaii, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Norfolk Island, Mariana Islands, Palau, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, and the Independent State of Western Samoa. (http://www. pica-org. org/websurf/websurf. html). In 2011 there were approximately 1,371,564 Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders who live within the United States. They significantly reside in California, Washington, Utah, Texas, New York, Texas, and Florida. They make up about . % of the U. S. Population (http://minorityhealth. hhs. gov/templates/browse. aspx? lvl=2lvlID=71) On May 29, 2013 President Obama spoke about AAPI (Asian-American and Pacific Islander) Heritage Month. (http://www. whitehouse. gov/administration/eop/aapi/blog) I thought that was very interesting. He talked about his Pacific Islander ethnic background. He said: â€Å"We value these voices because from the very beginning, ours has been a nation of immigrants; a nation challenged and shaped and push ever forward by diverse perspectives and fresh thinking. And in order to keep our edge and stay ahead in the global race, we need to figure out a way to fix our broken immigration system-to welcome that infusion of newness, while still maintaining the enduring strength of our laws. And the service and the leadership of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders have proved that point in time and again. † Listening to him give a speech about the greatness of Pacific Islanders made me appreciate that ethnic group even more. Pacific Islanders speak over 100 different languages and come from more than 56 ethnic groups. (http://www. cdc. ov/features/aapiheritagemonth/). They are parts of many different religions. Like the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Growing up in my church there were many Pacific Islanders members of our church. I can remember many of them having big families with many children. The Pacific Islanders do many things to contribute to American Culture. They contribute by working jobs. 7. 4 million Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders are employed in the United States. They make up 5. 3% of the total workforce in the United States. About 300,000 workers are Pacific Islanders. (http://www. cepr. net/index. hp/publications/reports/diversity-and-change July 2011, Hye Jin Rho, John Schmitt, Nicole Woo, Lucia Lin and Kent Wong) Like many other cultures, they bring their delicious foods. They have a multitude of food from different countries. They bring that all to the table here in the United States. Although some of them have changed their diets to a more of an American way of eating, some still eat the foods of their lands. Throughout history, there has been many instances of racism and sexism toward Pacific Islanders in the United States Pacific Islanders continue to face oppression, racism, and discrimination in the United States. Since Pacific Islanders have a higher rate of diabetes they were charged higher rates for health insurance. The Affordable Care Act Will be a very good change for Pacific Islanders. They are known to suffer from higher rates of all types of circular diseases like, stroke, hypertension, and coronary heart disease. They also have the highest rates of obesity. The Affordable Care Act will change it so that it will be easier to get health care for them. Some states have had an English-only type of initiative. They seem to be for people who only speak English. I had no idea they were even allowed by law. It seems as though that people find ways to discriminate even with the laws that have been put in place. Just because some people cannot speak any other language, besides English. For them everything needs to be in English and no other language. About a century before, European-Americans did not allow people who didn’t speak English to learn English because they were afraid that they would become a minority. They were afraid of being â€Å"out-smarted† by others. They didn’t want to have to compete for fear of losing. I don’t believe this is fair. That is why I am glad there are some many laws coming into effect as well as more to come to make this country an even better place. (http://aspe. hhs. gov/health/reports/2012/ACAAsianAmericansPacificIslanders/rb. shtml) Most European Americans have discriminated against Pacific Islanders because they didn’t know English. The European Americans were afraid that if the Pacific Islanders learned English they would exceed them in many ways. They would become the minority. Many of the European Americans were believed to be threatened by this. I think I now have a better understanding of what it is like to be a Pacific Islander. The discrimination they have faced has seemed to make them a stronger people. I am happy to have them as part of my country. In conclusion, both Jehovah’s Witnesses and The Pacific Islander, people have experienced a discrimination that seems to have happened because of people who do not understand what they go through daily. They both seem to succeed in their lives because of the discrimination they have experienced. The Jehovah’s Witnesses hold up to their beliefs like the Pacific Islanders stand strong with their ethnic background. They are different because one is a religion and one is an ethnic group. An ethnic group is a group of people who have the same customs or origin. A religion is a belief in a god or a group of gods. I think that both the Pacific Islanders and the Jehovah’s Witnesses get discriminated against because of a lack of understanding.

Effect of Demand on Supply on Coffee and Sugar Prices

Effect of Demand on Supply on Coffee and Sugar Prices Table of Contents (jump to) Introduction Economic Concepts Article Analysis Title: Coffee shortage may arise due to drought, climate change, rising demand, analysts say Conclusions Reference Introduction Microeconomics deals with economic decisions at micro level. It looks at the behaviour of the individual, people and companies within the economy. Being based on the idea of the market economy in which the consumer demand is the main driver for the prices and production levels of goods and services. It is basically inclined to explain how the interested parties choose in using limited resources being made available to them. It also focuses on the drivers of making decisions and the ways in which such decisions of them affect the demand and supply of specific goods and services. For the following article also I have choosen the effect of demand on supply on prices of two commodities as coffee and sugar. Economic Concepts The study of demand and supply on price due to the climate changes, where the prices increase due to the shortage of commodities or products and supply is short and where the demand is high is being discussed in the article. Article Analysis Title: Coffee shortage may arise due to drought, climate change, rising demand, analysts say Source: The Washington Post, February 21, 2014 When we discuss about the microeconomics we mean the study of economic behaviour of individual units of economy and not aggregate economy. It is basically concerned with the individual economic choices, the effect of changes in these factors on individual decision makers, how choices are coordinated of them and how demand and prices are determined. It so deals with the economic decisions made at low or micro level. The effect of demand and supply on a product of economy is updated while going through the article updated on February 21, 2014 which is explaining how Coffee shortage has arise and its impact on demand. The article thus explains that by the time of year in February, the delicate Arabica coffee plants which are in mountains of Brazil, where from most of the coffee comes, are about to mature by this time. The fragrant flowers appear followed by cherry like fruit, which each of them containing two seeds as Arabica Coffee beans, which are most popular in the world. But coffee shortage aroused due to the worst drought occurred last month in Brazil coffee belt region, thereby destroying the crop yields and causing the price of coffee to shoot up with a percentage of more than 50 this year. Drought being historic and more than 140 cities in Brazil was forced to ration water, whereby according to some newspapers drought was so devastating that some neighborhoods of Brazil were receiving water every three days only. But according to Jack Scoville (a future market analyst) now the retail price of coffee has been stable. But their could be chances for the rise in price of Arabica beans then this year consumers would notice an increase in the prices of their coffee. Therefore this is a case of demand increase and supply shortage whereby putting an impact on the prices by increasing them. The resultant of such a drought was the rise in price per pound of coffee which was meant for delivery due in March had reached the highest point around $1.72 in 14 months. There could be global coffee deficit were assumed before drought had to arise. Therefore for the first time in three years the global market of coffee would face shortage. So the predictions for the session 2014-15 were that the coffee supplies would be lowered by 5 million bags. But according to the last years data there was so much coffee that Arabica coffee futures has fell down by 25% and according to experts the price of coffee would rose for long time period just because of people in developing markets like Brazil, China and India are acquiring a taste for coffee. Higher prices and more competition will be seen due to high quality of coffee according to a coffee buyer and sustainability manger as Kim Elena Ionescu. The developing world made coffee and the developed world had drunk it. But now the scenario has changed and the developing countries are also consuming coffee alongwith making it. More people are involved in drinking better coffee according to what is mentioned in the article. Therefore demand will continue to make a shortage in supply. But there are considerable concerns that the climate change will also hamper the supply of coffee as it had happened in Brazil due to drought. This climate change in Brazil brought drastic changes in the price of coffee with the increase in its demand and shortage in supply as people preferred coffee over tea as many don’t like tea and prefer to have coffee in morning everyday. The taste of coffee has so long lasting effect that it makes the individual addicted to coffee have coffee even at high prices. To explain the above statement concerning the increase in price,the above graph mentions that with the increase in demand of coffee the demand curve shifted to the right and the quantity demanded increased from Q1 to Q2 and price increased from P1 to P2. The Brazilian company has various thoughts on such a situation when it happened to be the worst drought as it would put the company in risk for their supply chain of Arabica coffee bean as mentioned in the article by the head of sustainability, Starbucks in 2011. As this company is the worlds renowned Company for selling coffee with high quality and variety which attracts the customers to have coffee from Starbucks store only. To explain the above statement, the above graph thus shows how coffee prices are increasing from P1 to P2 and the demand curve is shifting to right due to increasing demand of coffee, but the supply curve shifts to left showing that there is shortage of coffee. According to the article it is mentioned correctly that many people like sugar in their coffee and for them as Brazil along with being the maker of coffee is the world’s largest producer of sugar, due to such conditions of drought is forced to take action as to disrupt plans for harvesting sugar cane. So the future prices of sugar tend to be at a rise and are at high level from the past two months due to the effect of climate change. Therefore the article has made it clear the after effects of climate change as drought on the production of coffee beans and as well on production of sugar cane. This had made the worse situation for the economy as supply chain has also being effected and due to the shortage in supply and increase in demand of coffee and sugar as well had made the prices of sugar and coffee to rise. This article thus made me to realize a situation where people would suffer due to the high costs and it may affect their purchasing power as well. As people would tend to earn in such a economy as they were earning earlier but in crises situation their income would also be affected as the company would not be able to pay much but in such a situation people who have to purchase emergency goods as coffee to satisfy their needs will purchase it at high cost no matter their income allows to purchase at high prices and sugar which is the more necessary commodity is also to be purchased by them at high cost. These sorts of purchases will affect their purchasing power to purchase other commodities which are less essential but yet in their need criteria to be left out as such. This decision is taken in a microeconomic environment. Therefore the country involved in producing the Arabica beans for the production of coffee is forced to think in future aspects of the increase in price of coffee to affect its supply chain as well, to come to a optimal solution to get rid of this problem in such a situation. As more and more people are inclined towards having coffee and one who is habitual to having coffee cannot be without it as coffee is also included in a drink which creates addiction for the individuals who are in regular use of coffee. Conclusions The article has a clear analysis of the increase in price of commodity due to the increase in demand but decrease in supply. As there is shortage of supplying the coffee due to the climatic changes so the prices of the coffee are at hike and the demand is also at hike accordingly. Therefore the article is showing a clear picture of the microeconomic situation and the study of economic theory as well. The economic theory so suggests the demand and supply are the main constraints for a product or commodity and are sometimes opposite in curve and sometimes run parallel by keeping any one constraint as demand or supply as constant with changes in price. Reference Yang, J., (2014), Coffee shortage may arise due to drought, climate change, rising demand, analysts say, [Article], Available: http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/2014/02/21/0f16ed44-9b28-11e3-975d-107dfef7b668_story.html [Accessed 7 May 2014]

Nursing Management of a Chronic Illness: Diabetes

Nursing Management of a Chronic Illness: Diabetes Maddison Adams Over time, ineffective management of diabetes can lead to a number of health related problems such as damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves. Diabetes is a rapidly growing health epidemic. Insulin is a hormone that is produced to regular blood sugar levels. Diabetes is a chronic illness that can be caused by the pancreas producing an inadequate amount of insulin; this is referred to as type 1 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is not preventable and the cause is not known. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by the body ineffectively using the insulin produced by the pancreas. This type of diabetes occurs in approximately 90% of the individuals living with diabetes. It is mainly caused by obesity and lack of physical exercise. Another type of diabetes is referred to as gestational diabetes; this is caused by hyperglycemia during pregnancy. The incidence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes has made a dramatic increase in recent years. It is classified as one of the world†™s leading causes of illness and premature death. Powerlessness is referred to as the feelings expressed by an individual suffering from a chronic illness, it can occur at some point during their illness. There are numerous methods in which individuals with diabetes can control and be involved in their own healthcare. Nurses play a very important role in improving the health outcomes of individuals living with diabetes. Some strategies a nurse can implement to empower and facilitate self-management for patients and families or carers include: educating the client about correct administration of insulin and blood glucose monitoring, empowerment of the client in order for them to recognize and acknowledge the amount of control their have and require regarding their own health outcomes as well as assisting the client with the development of realistic and attainable healthcare goals. The client is in complete control of their healthcare requirements. Previous research has highlighted the importance of the role of the nurse and how they can improve client compliance and ultimately improve the quality of life in individuals living with diabetes. This improvement is influenced by education and empowerment techniques implemented by the nurse that enable the client to effectively self-manage their chronic illness. Diabetes is a worldwide health epidemic, therefore it is critical that individuals involved in the care of a client with diabetes take the necessary action to educate and empower the client with diabetes. Recent statistics has highlighted the prevalence of diabetes. In 2013, approximately 347 million individuals worldwide lived with diabetes. It is predicted that by 2030, diabetes will be the seventh leading cause of death. Complications associated with diabetes includes kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy. Ac cording to WHO, in 2004 it was estimated that 34 million individuals died as a result of the complications of diabetes such as hyperglycemia. Poorly controlled diabetes contributes to other consequences other than the physical consequences. These include: the emotional impact on the individual and family or carer and the financial issues associated with living with a chronic illness. These consequences combine to result in the client with diabetes becoming less compliant and also experiencing a reduced quality of life. The negative consequence of living with diabetes exposes the client to the risks of lifelong financial and emotional issues. The nurse plays a diverse role in assisting their client with education regarding how to embrace their chronic illness with the aim to achieve the best possible quality of life. Introducing an explaining the medical interventions that are implemented in order to manage diabetes, such as insulin and blood glucose monitoring, encourages the creation of realistic and attainable goals as well as assisting the client to form what to self-manage and learn certain copying techniques in order to gain control over with health outcomes, avoiding the illness taking control are some strategies that allows the clients to make informed choice and changes to their healthcare in the future. The first strategy the nurse can implement is assisting their client with developing realistic and attainable goals in regards to their longtime diabetes management. Encouraging the client to create health care goals will not always lead to the client attaining them. The nurse must understand and be aware of the various problems related to helping their client develop health care goals that are realistic, and especially attainable. The goals the client creates must be specific and based on physical outcomes (e.g. not drinking sweetened beverages), measureable (e.g. running for half an hour twice a week), action orientated (e.g. exercise). The goals must be both challenging but realistic so that the client is not discouraged by the over challenging goals or has no sense of accomplishment due to ease of attaining goal. There are numerous barriers that are related to creating goals and may deter the client from achieving them. Knowledge deficit regarding the influence of lifestyle factors on diabetes management may cause clients to misunderstand the importance of setting health goals and prevent them from adhering to them. The client may also avoid changes to their health behavior goals due to emotional barriers such as lack of motivation. Another disadvantage the nurse may face when assisting their client with creating a goal is lack of finances and barriers in available resources. These barriers include lack of money and lack of social support systems. Clients may require assistance with planning ways to overcome difficulties to attaining health goals. These difficulties may include the inability to afford fresh fruit and vegetables to maintain a nutrient rich diet. It is important that strategies are in place for each barrier the nurse identifies in order to overcome them. This is due to some cli ents lacking the skills required to solve problems that may come in contact with when living with a chronic illness when consumed with other issues such as financial difficulties. Another strategy the nurse can implement is educating the client on the correct administration of insulin and blood glucose monitoring. Many barriers can impair the client’s ability to self-manage their diabetes in an effective manner despite having been educated on medication administration and blood glucose monitoring. Clients may be resistant to following a insulin administration regimen due to factors such as fear of administrating an injection, being uncertain about the correct injection techniques and being afraid of having a hyperglycemia or hypoglycemic episode. These concerns are shared among individuals with diabetes in regards to monitoring their blood glucose levels. According to H, the clients that became tolerant of daily blood glucose monitoring remain unaware of how to correctly interpret the blood glucose levels and were unaware of how to change their food consumption and contribution to physical activity, let alone determine when insulin administration was re quired. Current diabetes self-management education (DSME) is a short program that clients with diabetes complete and involves education regarding basic self-management skills. Further education and developments of these skills is required in order to allow patients to possess the adequate knowledge and the comfort required to effectively manage their illness for their lifetime. Another barrier related to educating the client on the correct administration of insulin and blood glucose monitoring involves lack of finances that are required to adequately maintain control of the client’s chronic illness. A client that has been diagnosed with diabetes will live with the illness for their entire life; therefore the financial impact on the client will be lifelong. The financial impact of living with a chronic illness such as diabetes can contribute to emotional and financial difficulties that may have a negative effect on the client self-management efforts. Issues the client may face living with diabetes includes the inability to afford the supplies required to maintain specific health goals. This financial difficulty can be caused by lack of health insurance or low socio-economic status and has the potential to put the client at risk of having reduced compliance and poorer health outcomes. According to Stys (2007), client’s living with diabetes that have health insurance can afford prescription medications and therefore are involved in better health outcomes compared to client without health insurance. Also, many clients are able to self-manage their diabetes but are unable to due to financial difficulties. The final strategy the nurse can implement is assisting the patient to develop copying techniques as well as empowering them to identify and acknowledge the control they have on their diabetes. Educating the client regarding ways to cope and empowering them to effectively self-manage their diabetes is an important role of the nurse. The client may experience stress as a result of the fear of the complications of diabetes, depression, tough medication and diet guidelines and the feeling of being overwhelmed is associated with the client being less likely to effectively self-manage their illness. Morbidity, mortality, limitation to function and reduced quality of life can been caused by emotional distress. The nurse must respond to stress experienced by their client quickly in order to adequate educate them on ways of coping with diabetes as well as encouraging the client to gain a reasonable understanding and acceptance of their illness. This is a requirement for patients living with diabetes and will result in the client feeling empowered and in control of their health. Despite advances in the treatment of diabetes, clients with the chronic illness have less than optimal control and therefore suffer from preventable complications associated with it. There are numerous methods in which individuals with diabetes can control and be involved in their own healthcare. Previous research has highlighted the importance of the role of the nurse and how they can improve client compliance and ultimately improve the quality of life in individuals living with diabetes. This improvement is influenced by education and empowerment techniques implemented by the nurse that enable the client to effectively self-manage their chronic illness. Being aware of the strategies that are effective in assisting a client with a chronic illness as well as the barriers they may face is an important aspect in improving the health outcomes of individuals living with diabetes. References Aldridge, V 2005, Facilitating self-management for diabetes patients, Practice Nurse, 29, 11, pp. 33-38, Health Business Elite. Asimakopoulou, K 2007, ‘’Empowerment in the self-management of diabetes: Are we ready to test assumptions’, Talking Point, 4, 3, pp.94-97. Cyrino, A, Schraiber, L, Teixeira, R 2009, Education for type 2 diabetes mellitus self-care: From compliance to empowerment’, Interface, 13, 30, pp.93-106. Funnell, M, Tang, T, Anderson, R 2007, From research to practice/DSME support. From DSME to DSMS: Developing empowerment-based diabetes self-management support, Diabetes Spectrum, 20, 4, pp. 221-226. Funnel, M, Anderson, R 2004, ‘Empowerment and self-management of diabetes’, 22, 2, pp.123-127. Heisler, M 2007, From research to practice/DSME support. Overview of peer support models to improve diabetes self-management and clinical outcomes, Diabetes Spectrum, 20, 4, pp. 214-221. Marrero, D, Ard, J, Delamater, A, Peragallo-Dittko, V, Mayer-Davis, E, Nwankwo, R, Fisher, E 2013, ‘Twenty-first century behavioral medicine: A context for empowering clinicians and patients with diabetes’, Diabetes Care, 36, 2, pp.463-470. Peyrot, M, Rubin, R 2007, ‘Behavioral and psychosocial interventions in diabetes: A conceptual review’, Diabetes Care, 30, 10, pp.2433-2441. Scambler, S, Newtown, P, Asimakopoulou, K 2014, ‘The context of empowerment and self-care within the field of diabetes’, Health, 1, 16, pp.1-16. Stys, A Kulkarni, K 2007, Identification of self-care behaviors and adoption of lifestyle changes result in sustained glucose control and reduction of comorbidities in Type 2 diabetes’, Diabetes Spectrum, 20, 1, pp.55-59. World Health Organization 2013, ‘Diabetes Program 2013’, retrieved May 5th, 2014, http://www.who.int/diabetes/en/> MADDISON ADAMS (211265503)

Poetry paper :: essays research papers

Final Paper Assignment For the last paper, you should focus on a poem or poems. You have several options: Write about one (or two) or the poems we’ve discussed in class, with the aim of bringing some new perception to it. For example, we’ve discussed some poems in pairs because one refers to the other and helps us to understand it—we’ve discussed this in class, but you could take it further and deeper. Write about a theme that you find in more than one poem, particularly in which the positions taken are different. â€Å"Out, Out† by Frost and â€Å"How Annandale Went Out† both talk about when life becomes unlivable—how far do you go to save life? Why do the personae—the speakers within the poems—make the choices they do? How does the Macbeth speech add to the discussion—or does it? You could also take the Macbeth poem by itself for analysis of its various complexities. Write about two war poems that present similar arguments in different ways: the fact that war isn’t pretty, and people back home really don’t know what it is like—and maybe it is better that way. You can talk about the â€Å"human† behind the â€Å"soldier†Ã¢â‚¬â€as in â€Å"Vergissemeinnicht† or â€Å"The Death of a Soldier.† You may take a poem, as in the last paper, and relate it to you—starting with a thesis that connects the poem to your experience, develop a paper that sheds light on what the poem has to say because of something that happened in your life, and then come back full circle to connect to how the poem helped you understand better the experience you had. You may choose a poem we have not covered. IF YOU CHOOSE TO DO SO, YOU MUST GET THE POEM APPROVED BY ME: NOT ALL POEMS ARE CREATED EQUAL AND JUST BECAUSE IT IS IN POETIC FORM DOES NOT NECESSARILY MAKE IT â€Å"GOOD.† You should write a draft of this over the weekend—get a solid sense of your ideas and get them down on paper and bring that with you to your conference next week. If you don’t have a draft, there won’t be anything for us to talk about and your conference will be a waste of time. Conference time is not time to figure out what poem you want to write about; it is about improving on the ideas you already have developed. If you have a question about the topic you’ve chosen or the direction you’re going, send me an e-mail so that I can get back to you.

How Does a Writer Engage a Reader? :: Teaching Writing

How Does a Writer Engage a Reader? It's still snowing. The wind is so strong; it is hard to stay upright. I'm lost in a blizzard. Ahead of me, I see a faint glow. Is it a lamp in my house? I tell myself, "Keep moving toward the light." Left, right, left, right, up, down, I keep walking. I'm so cold. I press on, but the light remains just out of range. Left, right, left, right, up, down. The light grows brighter. Now it dims. I suddenly realize that I'm walking in circles. Where do I go with this paper? How do I get beyond the theme? Why is this assignment so difficult for me to grasp? Intellectually I understand the assignment, at least the right side of my brain does. The left side of my brain seems to be disengaged. Every time I feel like I've nearly got "it,""it" vanishes, eluding me once more. I never realized how difficult it was to break the writing habits learned throughout life. "Themewriting" may not be good writing, but I fear it is the only kind of writing I've ever done. I believe that "theme writing" may still have value and that "themewriting" is undesirable because it fails to engage the reader and to communicate anything of substance. How does a writer communicate and engage a reader? Is it by using a lot of details? The author of The Innocent Nihilist used a lot of details. Those details didn't help me understand it any better. I still am confused about what he was trying to communicate to me. Did Lee really dislike his dog? Was he happy when the dog was killed? Or, was Lee just happy that he wasn't the one hit by the car. The author caught my attention initially by his use of dialogue, much as Mike's attention was held by Lee's story. A lot of details were present, but they didn't help me any with this story. Another paper, Martin Luther King, also used details. It told me where Martin Luther King was educated and what some of his religious convictions were, but it failed to reveal the whole man. It didn't develop his character or reveal his passions. The paper had some details, but it fell short of my expectations. It's still snowing. It's been snowing since noon. The wind is howling; it must be at least 30 m.p.h.

Three Fundamental Elements Of An Effective Access Control Solution

What are the three fundamental elements of an effective access control solution for information systems?Identification, Authentication, and Authorization2. What two access controls can be setup for a Windows Server 2003 folders and authentication?Authentication and Access control.3. lf you can browse a file on a Windows network share but are not able to copy it or modify it what type of access controls and permissions are probably configured? What type of Access Control would best describe this access control situation?List Folder Contents – Security Policy based control.4. What is the mechanism on a Windows Server where you can administer granular policies and permissions on a Windows network using role-based access?Group Policy Editor5. What is two-factor authentication and why is it an effective access control technique? Two Factor uses two of the three characteristics in Authentication types (Knowledge, Ownership, Characteristics) 6. Relate how Windows Server 2008 R2 Activ e Directory and the configuration of access controls achieve C-1-A for departmental LANs, departmental folders, and data. creates security principals in the Active Directory domain partition7. Is it a good practice to include the account or user name in the password? Why or why not? It is not a good idea to have a user name in the password, because it easy for people can try to hack or decode the password.8. Can a user who is defined in the Active Directory access a shared drive if that user is not part of the domain?Non domain machines cannot access shared folders.9. Does Windows Server 2003 require a user's login/password credentials prior  to accessing shared drives?Yes – Credentials are required.I 0. When granting access to LAN systems for GUESTS (i.e., auditors, consultants, third-party individuals, etc.), what security controls do you recommend be implemented in order to maximize CI- A of production systems and data?Establish a temporary limited account for access to only what is needed; and have them sign user and non-disclosure agreements.

An analysis of british rock culture and its impact on popular culture Essay

Since its contemporaries in the early sixties, British shiver n Roll has been one of the virtu aloney potent movements of contemporary medicine worldwide. Britain has successfully introduced some of the most significant jounce musicians to ever grace the st climb on worldwide. include in this group are strias alike(p) The Who, Led Zeppelin, The Beatles, The paradiddle Stones, Oasis, and countless others. I chose to analyze British escape from agriculture, non solely beca engross of its importance in hurt of musicality, but because of its profound impact on projectular culture.Contemporary British inclination began developing in the mid-sixties and early 1970s with the inception of bands like The Beatles, The bun Stones, and Led Zeppelin. It derived from the skiffle and blues music of the 1950s, thus far the forth approaching British artists sought to chirk up the upbeat music according to their cause interpretations (Perone 19). British contention culture has y ielded more(prenominal) sub-genres of totter n roll including progressive tense totter, Glam rock music, Alternative, and Heavy Metal. As the movement has spread out throughout the decades, lyrics defy give-up the ghost more complex and brace become more and more rooted in the conveyance of sociopolitical and internal themes (Miles 1).The geographic origins of contemporary British quiver culture are mainly great urban areas in the southern half(a) of England including Liverpool, Manchester, and London (Kallen 20). These urban locations teemed with showcase opportunities at clubs and concert halls for galore(postnominal) of the local bands. ein truthwhere three hundred bands in the 1960s made their debut in these small venues that the large cities had to offer. After increasing in normality, bands like The Rolling Stones and The Beatles made a transition to America in what was coined as the British Invasion. The British Invasion came in different waves, continually promoting the new styles and sounds coming out of Britain during the second half of the 20th century. This movement work outd the form of artistic migration that has keep today within the realm of pop music with bands like One Direction.The British Invasion of the 1960s flourished callable to the British domination of American radio move and come in industry. The vibrant fashion trends and mop-top hairstyles took the childly American public by storm. In terms of demographics, the attractive members of the new Britain rock culture were extremely appealing to their American counterparts. Their enticing English accents were familiar large to understand, yet foreign enough to be alluring and admired. They were unripened enough to be relatable and helped to create the link among music and teenage identity that continues to pro livenessrate today.It is crucial to analyze the psychographics of band members associated with the British rock scene as it allows for us to smash det ermine and understand the attitudes and opinions reflected by their modus vivendi choices. While many British musicians during this era were brought up in the Christian church, in many cases they even uptually began to reject apparitional teachings and organizations. George Harrison, for example, abandoned Western thought all in all and began to embrace Eastern ideologies during his spiritual walking with Hinduism while in India (Stark 117). John Lennon and Ringo Starr began to draw as being an agnostic or atheist, while Oasis frontman Liam Gallagher has stated that his beliefs continually oscillate and that he is too touch on with the present day to be mad about the afterlife (Liam and Noel Gallagher 2). Rumors concerning damn deportment and devilish subliminal messaging have continued to be associated with British rock stars opponents to the messages that British musicians advocate are relentless in stating that playing songs like The Beatles regeneration 9 backward wie ld satanic sayings and chants. This is enough for some people to steadfastly believe that the musicians producing these songs do worship daystar as their god.In terms of family life and relationships, short-lived marriages and divorce have been usual amongst those in the rock scene. The pressures of being a notoriety sustentation a naughty profile and publically sicklife strained matrimonial relationships and led to many of the musicians having multiple spouses throughout their lifetime. Adultery is common rice paddy Jaggers first wife has stated in an interview that her marriage ended on their wedding day because of this. Sexual firing was a prominent theme that was grounded in the British rock scene and encourage the normalization of premarital sex and, eventually, homo cozyity.Bands during the presentation of the British rock movement were a great deal considered accurate representations of the counterculture movement of the 1960s due to their youthful, rebellious beh aviors and creative thinking. This trend continued with members of The Beatles, The Kinks, and The Rolling Stones. Drug use began to run uncontrolled in the artists lives as LSD, heroin, and cocaine became fashionable choices for artists with an experimental mindset. The common interest in recreational drugs was an attempt to explore soul and find inspiration for new sounds and styles to sell with the eager public. The prolonged drug use inspired a branch of British rock called psychedelic rock, introducing the Grateful utter and The Doors to the world stage (Kallen 253). The Beatles famously became cognise for their bouts with LSD. Overall, the explicit use of drugs in songwriting support the young public to experiment themselves as they embraced the alternative lifestyle that their stars exemplified.The fame and exposure of British musicians have often led to rattling risqu behavior, commonly leading to alcoholism, drug addiction, and young deaths. The stars are most often characterized as living freely, and doing some(prenominal) it is they please, no point how frowned upon their actions are. Many urban legends have surfaced regarding the wild antics of British musicians, including stories about bizarre sexual encounters and the destruction of both public and privy properties. It is plausible to say that many musicians associated with this culture focus on primarily living in the moment. The profitable success of record sales in conjunction with their celebrity titles provides the musicians with the funds to do virtually whatever they please with their time and their money. Drugs, therefore, become intimately accessible and affordable. Drug addiction is very common in the lives of these artists and has sadly claimed many of their lives at young ages. Jim Morrison of The Doors, Jimi Hendrix, and Keith Moon of The Who is among those whose faith on recreational drugs like heroin, unfortunately, claimed their lives. They were all under thirty-two y ears of age (The Dead Rockstars company 27).The impact that the British rock scene has had on popular culture throughout the world is undeniable. The British rock culture has become so classical in England that some of its stars have been awarded, and in some special cases, knighted by the Queen of England for their contributions to music. The list of those who have been knighted includes Mick Jagger of The Rolling Stones and Paul McCartney of The Beatles (Kallen 246). The worldwide influence of British rock culture is even more impressive as it has become a reflection of societal changes and themes as time and the development of sub-genres have progressed. In terms of musicality, it increased the distinction between what was considered noise and what was considered carefully constructed music instruments are now seen as crucial to a song or bands success. In even more important terms, it has been a form of democratic voltaic pile media that has broadcasted messages of free speec h, sexuality, and even anti-war disillusionment. British rock n roll has influenced people beyond Britains sphere of political and stinting influence through its ties to the worlds youth. Overall, British rock culture will continue to expand its horizons and be influential in the lives of the masses due to the band members who are willing to share their opinions and creativity through their artistic medium.Works CitedThe 1960s British medicinal drug Invasion.The Official 60s Site-British Music Invasion. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2014.The Beatles and the British Invasion.The Beatles and the British Invasion. Jerry Fielden, n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2014.The Dead Rock Stars Club The 1970s.The Dead Rock Stars Club The 1970s. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Apr. 2014.Kallen, Stuart A., and Bob Italia.Renaissance of Rock The British Invasion. Bloomington, MN Abdo & Daughters, 1989. Print.Liam and Noel Gallagher.Www.atheistalliance.org. Atheist Musicians, n.d. Web. 10 Apr. 2014.Miles, Barry. Spirit of the Un derground The 60s Rebel.The Guardian. Guardian give-and-take and Media, 31 Jan. 2011. Web. 23 Apr. 2014.Perone, James E.Mods, Rockers, and the Music of the British Invasion. Westport, CT Praeger, 2009. Print.Stark, Steven D.Meet the Beatles A Cultural History of the Band That shake Youth, Gender, and the World. New York HarperEntertainment, 2005. Print.

The Impact of Terrorism Enforcement on Individual Rights

The Imp exertion of frightism En chock upwork forcet on Individual Rights Christine Gontarz Northern Virginia Community College Woodbridge Campus ADJ100 declination 2, 2011 Professor George DeHarde Table of Con ecstasyts Introduction3 terrorist typify and the off great deal printing A workforcedment5 Early annals7 The stranger and insubordination ventures of 17987 Habeas Corpus pre cardinald of 18638 terra firma War I History9 Espionage and riot act ass of 1917 and 19189 Schenck v. US -9 Debs v. US10 World War II History11 foreigner adaption (Smith) deport of 194011 Japanese-American Internment decision maker Order 9066 of 194211The History of Today12 Antiterrorism and Effective terminal Penalty Act of 199612 U. S. A subject fieldist Act 200113 Conclusion15 Works Cited17 Introduction During time of high crime, terrorism, contend, and field of study crisis, citizens atomic routine 18 willing to sell due process for a restriction of undivided rights. At the heart of our individual rights are the source ten Amendments of the fall in affirms penning, the score of Rights. Although all the Amendments of the Bill of Rights were written to be of advert importance, to m some(prenominal) Americans the nigh treasured is the First Amendment. social intercourse shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the set down drill thereof or abridging the immunity of speech, or of the mash or the right of the mint peaceably to assemble, and to petition the G all overnment for a redress of grievances. The First Amendment to the U. S. Constitution Simply stated, the FirstAmendment guarantees us the freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition. By examining the history of the joined States, there sport been time when incidents of crime, terrorism, terrorism threats, contend, and national crisis check affected the rights of the mess of the unify States.There fall in been actions and reaction s to those threats by the governing body. Restrictions were placed on citizens by busheling their rights specifically the First, Fourth, and Fourteenth Amendments. Initially, the bulk of the fall in States understood the reasoning behind these limitations however, as time went by, m some(prenominal) tangle the need to chat out well-nigh the injustices caused by the semipolitical science and the restrictions of the freedoms of the spate.Although the special amendments in the Bill of Rights are of equal importance, it is the conclude of this paper to pay back examples of how the disposal has violated a the basic rights of the First Amendment during a presence or threat of terrorism in the joined States. terrorism and the First Amendment Freedom, as Thomas Jefferson wrote in the firmness of point of Independence, We throttle these truths to be self- ostensible, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with plastered ununknownable rights, t hat among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. The answer of Independence is a God-given right provided to United States citizens. By declaring its independence from Great Britain and signing the Declaration of Independence, the social intercourse of the original thirteen colonies took its prototypical steps to get wind its freedom from King George and British rule. Their goal, self- judicature and equal rights for the volume (Fallon 14). It is because of British tyrannical rule that the United States Constitution was written.The United States Constitution outlined the rights of the government activity of the thirteen original colonies, but it was not until the Federalists and Anti-Federalists intractable their differences and pick out the Bill of Rights in 1791 that the people of the United States had the rights and freedoms they so desired to build this country. More than deuce hundred years later, on September 11, 2001, the United States was targeted by terrorists. This day is marked by atrocities beyond imagination. It is similarly on this day that many people of this generation say that the individual rights that our forefathers worked to provide provoke been changed forever.The attacks of September 11th hand caused the freedoms outlined in the Bill of Rights to be restricted by the enforcement of government rules and regulations First Amendment rights limiting the freedom of speech, Fourth Amendment rights of misappropriated search and seizure, and Fourteenth Amendment rights of due process scram to mind (although another(prenominal)s feel that the Fifth and Sixth Amendments carry also been affected). There are specific examples in United States history where the effects of terrorism enforcement ware impinged individual rights.In dedicate to relate the impact of government actions on individual rights for the sake of national hostage, in the name of terrorism, terrorism must be defined. accord to the FBI, there is no one comment that is universally accepted by everyone (Office of Public Affairs iv). Their definition of terrorism from the Code of Federal Regulations can be defined as the unlawful use of force and violence over against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives (28 C.F. R. Section 0. 85). By observing a chronological history of the United States there is render of terrorism since the beginning of written history. References in the record refer to the cleansing of entire groups of people by eliminating the city of Jericho (Joshua 6. 1-27) . There are examples of terrorism during classical and Roman times when the first known terror arrangement, the Zealots of Judea, formed campaigns and carried out assassinations of Roman occupation forces and Jews whom they felt collaborated with the Romans. (Early History of Terrorism) Although earlier instances of terrorism im pacted the rights of individuals, it was not until the adoption of the Bill of Rights that there was recourse that could be taken by the people. It was then that citizens of the United States could deem that their individual rights were violated. Early History The stranger and lawlessness Acts of 1798 From 1789 through 1799, during the French Revolution, the United States was forced to entertain a policy of neutrality to avoid nice involved in European conflicts and being dragged into another(prenominal) war.Because of an impending maintenance of war with France and a fear that criticism of the government was destine to topple the Constitution, (Willis 5) the Federalist-dominated Congress of President John Adams enacted the Alien and revolution Acts of 1798 (Office of the Historian). Consisting of quadruplet acts, they introduced laws intended to suppress political opposition from Anti-Federalists. By enacting these laws, Adams was working to shield the United States from the French foe and to protect the United States from opposition groups of Anti-Federalists.The four laws consisted of the naturalization Act which raised the residency period of aliens from basketball team-spot to fourteen years, the Alien Act of 1798 which enabled the president to expatriate any alien ( regular during peacetime) if they were considered dangerous to the guard duty of the US. The Alien Enemies Act of 1798 enabled wartime arrest, imprisonment, or deportation of any alien for simply being from an enemy country. The last act, The Sedition Act do it a crime to equate any measure or measures of the government of the US. It also disallow writing, printing, uttering, or publishing any false, scandalous, and malevolent writing or writings against the government of the US. It is distinct that Sedition Act was the nigh controversial and most seriously abominable of the acts. Committing an offense against the Sedition Act was punishable by fines up the $5,000 and up to five years in prison and a help offenses were charged with a $2,000 fine and up to two years in jail.Most of those punished under the Sedition Act were journalists and politicians who aligned themselves with the Anti-Federalist party or the Jeffersonian Re populaceans (Willis 7). The grandson of Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Bache who was the novice and editor of the Philadelphia normal Advertiser, was the first to be charged under the Sedition Act because of his Anti-Federalist descent against John Adams and the Federalist party. Habeas Corpus Act of 1863 The presidency of Abraham capital of Nebraska can best be described as a presidency of wartime.Just cardinal hours later the president was elected, Major Robert Anderson sent capital of Nebraska a dispatch requesting reinforcements of twenty thousand men to secure Fort Sumter from Confederate attack (Dirck 20) . It was Lincoln who ensnare the tone for wartime presidents and he took full proceeds of this power. During the height of the Civil War, Lincoln ordered a writ suspending Habeas Corpus. Lincolns primary way by ordering the writ was to quell political opposition from pro-Confederate sympathizers.He justified his decision by stating pull down in such a pillow slip, would not the decreed oath be broken, if the government should be overthrown, when it was believed that cut the single law, would tend to preserve it? (Dirck 25) referring to (Lincoln) . Lincoln believed that usual safety was the cornerstone behind his decision. With public safety in mind, Lincoln authorized Winfield Scott to arrest anyone in an insurrection against the laws of the United States. (Dirck 25) referring to (Symonds) World War I HistoryEspionage and Sedition Acts of 1917 and 1918 Once again the United States and its people were preoccupied with war. In April 1917, the United States declared war on Germany and fears of espionage, anarchist activities, and the threat of terrorism loomed over the heads of th e United States government. By establishing the Espionage and Sedition Acts of 1917 and 1918, the government prohibited the public from openly demonstrating or passing forrard any discipline deemed to be detrimental to the force or the government during a time of war.Woodrow Wilson til now gave the postmaster rights to restrict distribution of mail and documents that could be construed as harmful to the military of the United States . These offenses could be punishable by death. Because of the fear of harm to the nation and its citizens, the put up and Senate almost passed the bill without any debate some(prenominal) even though the bill trampled on the freedom of speech and freedom of the press (Willis 14) . Schenck v. US conduct by Oliver Wendell Holmes, this would be the first case in which the unconditional Court handed down a ruling that constituted when the United States government could limit speech.CharlesSchenck, the general secretary of the Socialist party in Phi ladelphia was arrested for the distribution of political propaganda. These leaflets, which referenced the clause of the 13th Amendment forbidding involuntary servitude, were directed at men who were drafted upon the passage of the Selective Service Act. Schenck encouraged draftees to assign Your Rights, and that the people needed to stand up to the government for entering the war. The government claimed that these flyers contained false statements that could ultimately interpose with the effort to win the war.It was during this case that Oliver Wendell Holmes coined his most unforgettable rationale for the decision of the Supreme Court to be upheld in the Schenck case, noting that The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a micturate and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent. It is a question of proximity and degree. Debs v. US Eugene D ebs, a founder of the Socialist party in 1901 and a rigid opponent to the Great War, was no stranger to verbalise his mind and being imprisoned because of his actions.Debs was destined to jail for his agency as leader of a nationwide ostracize of involving the Pullman Palace Car Company in 1894. later serving a two-year prison sentence, Debs held a Sunday subsequentlynoon picnic in Canton, Ohio. During his speech, Debs, diction his words carefully for fear of being p arisecuted by the government for his right to free expression, encouraged the clump to turn their backs on the Republican and Democratic political party and fight for a cause (Debs) . Debs was arrested for violating the Espionage Act and was incriminate of tampering with the recruiting services of the United States.He served a ten-year sentence for his speech. World War II History Alien Registration (Smith) Act of 1940 Representative Howard W. Smith introduced the Alien Registration Act of 1940. This act r equired aliens to immortalize with the government of the United States within four months of their comer in the United States. Although the prior acts were made during times of war, the Alien Registration Act was an act proposed and adopted during peacetime (Willis 26-27) . The main objective of the act was to thwart any attempt by the American communistic Party to weaken the government of the United States.This act made it illegal to interfere with the loyalty of military personnel, to study to violently overthrow the United States government, or to press to commit or to commit prohibited acts. The act also stated that the government could confiscate materials employ the search warrant provision and that penalisation of these offenses could top in a disapprobation of up to ten years in prison and a ten thousand dollar fine. In 1948, Harry Truman invoked this act to contain Soviet corroborationers and had football team leaders of the Communist Party U.S. A. indicted for i nfringements of the Smith Act. During the prosecution of the case of Dennis v. United States, the government used the works of KarlMarx to prove that the eleven men violated the Alien Registration Act stating that they privately planned to overthrow the government of the United States. Japanese-American Internment Executive Order 9066 of 1942 Eleven weeks afterwards the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Executive Order 9066 was signed by Franklin Roosevelt. Relocation Centers were set up across the United States.Approximately 110,000 Japanese-Americans were confined to no more than an American version of Hitlers concentration camps. Japanese-Americans serving in the military were categorized as enemy aliens and discharged from the armed forces of the United States. Minoru Yasui was the first citizen to bring a case before the government during the time of the Internment. Yasui was denied active duty service by the United States military. Yasui solvely violated curfew orders in or der to be arrested.His case, although initially establish on a curfew law was brought to court and a unanimous conviction was handed down to Yasui claiming that his racial attachments to his Japanese grow posed a danger of espionage to the American people (Baker and Stack 66-68) . The History of Today Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 In the wake of the okay City bombing, the nation was traumatized by such a deplorable act of domestic terrorism. An overwhelming public fear guided the reactions of United States and the government set limitations of individual rights to protect its people.One week after the okay City bombing, President Clinton and members of Congress swiftly canonical the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty of 1996 (AEDPA). First Amendment rights were again affected. By allowing the Secretary of State to selectively define its meaning of material stay to foreign organizations, citizens were guilty by association found on the purpose of their monetary contributions (Brown et al. 17-20) . The belief was that monetary and logistical contributions to an organization showed support for that organization. This was enough ammunition for the government to hold citizens in violation of the AEDPA.In a case brought against the lawyer General by the Humanitarian Law job (HLP), the HLP challenged the ruling that their humanitarianism, peacekeeping training, and support of the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) was in violation of the constitutionality of the material support statute. The PKK was determined to be a terrorist organization. By supporting a terrorist organization, the HLP could have faced extensive prison sentences if they had continued to support their mission by providing monetary and logistical contributions even though the contributions were to support peaceful acts.Eventually the HLP ceased in their support of the PKK. U. S. A PATRIOT Act 2001 With the attack of the World Trade Center and Pentagon and the take over of Flight 93, the reach of terrorism in the United States had changed since even the bombings in OklahomaCity. Once thought to be a crisis of foreign countries, the United States was now faced with a new brand of terrorist attacks unlike ever before. As a result, acts aimed at preventing further attacks and protecting the security of society were invoked.The Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act (USA PATRIOT Act), was adopted in October 2001 to attend the government in gaining information on early terror attacks. Many feel that since the adoption of the PATRIOT Act, First Amendment rights have been violated in an uncommon way. Not only does the government have the great power to limit the size and nature of demonstrations, conduct racial profiling, but they also may limit the information which can be publicized to the citizens of the United States claiming national security interests. The National Archives and Records Administration states that the number of classification actions by the Executive Branch rose 14 percent in 2002 over 2001 and declassification natural action fell to its lowest level in seven years. (Posner 220) Since September 11, Arab, Muslim, and South Asian populations of the United States have been profiled based on skin color and other physical characteristics. The government has the ability to stop, interrogate and stay individuals without criminal charge on the basis of their national origin, ethnicity and religion. (American Civil Liberties Union 1) . By looking at the people who were rounded up just after September 11, it is evident that racial profiling based on religion and ethnicity had taken place by the Department of Justice a clear violation of the First Amendment. In a more recent incident in The Washington Post on October 2008, Maryland State Police revealed that as a result of surveillance operations, the names of fifty-three passive activists had been placed into an unknown federal database used for the purpose of tracking terrorist suspects.The judgment by the Maryland State Police to include the activists names in the terrorist database was met with rebuke and was criticized by senators noting that the law enforcement officials were oblivious to their violation of the activists rights of free expression and association. (Rein, Lisa A1) Conclusion Through historical records, it is evident the intent of the government in times of war is to protect its citizens and prevent aggression on the homeland.The punishment and imprisonment of citizens for First Amendment violations are based on situations when governing bodies of the United States felt threatened by acts of anarchy, Communism, terrorism, or war. In most instances, the government has been proactive by halting contrary opinions from opposing parties or seeking peacetime acts as a precautionary measure. At other times, they have been reactive by enacti ng laws after terrorist attacks . In either case, they have adopted rules and laws based upon the fear of the people and the prevention of potential attacks.Their fears have limited free speech, free assembly, free press, and have punished those for freedom of religion. Historically, as time went by and threats declined, the people of the United States became more conscious of the limitations the government had set forth. In the referenced laws and actions of this paper, court cases brought to the Supreme Court challenging the constitutionality of First Amendment limitations have been rife in the repeal or retraction of these acts. The decisions in these cases prove that there is a need for a balance between individual freedoms and protection of the people.